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  • ARTICLES

    Outsourcing violence: The rise of transnational VaaS networks

    Violence as a Service (VaaS) networks have proliferated over the past year, in which kidnapping, extortion and assassinations, among other crimes, are commissioned, brokered and carried out transnationally. Shannon Lorimer argues that these fragmented chains complicate law enforcement detection, exposing private companies to new security and commercial… 

  • ARTICLES

    Competing for the future: Geopolitics and the global technology race

    Rapid digital advances and their strategic importance to security and the global economy are occurring amid heightened geopolitical vulnerability while creating major investment opportunities for technology and defence firms. Richard Gardiner assesses how this is reshaping national security policy and what it means for the private sector.

  • ARTICLES

    Tit-for-tat: Reciprocal detentions amid France-Algeria tensions

    The last two years of France-Algeria relations have been characterised by recurring diplomatic tensions and reciprocal retaliations between the two. While both sides have made efforts to improve relations in recent weeks, underlying distrust and disagreements will continue to pose challenges for French and Algerian travellers and businesses in each… 

  • ARTICLES

    The tech offense: The virtual and physical manifestations of tech-enabled kidnappings

    The proliferation of social media, digital currencies and artificial intelligence (AI) has provided new avenues for threat actors to enhance kidnapping and extortion schemes. As continued technological advancements diversify victim profiles and complicate efforts to curb these crimes, the threat is likely to persist and continue to evolve in the coming… 

  • ARTICLES

    Pledges and Pressures: Unpacking the 2025 NATO Summit

    With member states pledging to increase defence spending, the recent NATO summit could, in many respects, be seen as a success. Yet beneath the surface, significant tensions and unresolved issues persist. Richard Gardiner examines the outcomes of the summit, and the key challenges the alliance is likely to face in the years ahead.

  • ARTICLES

    Europe on its own: Challenges in achieving security independence

    US President Donald Trump’s ‘America first’ policies and threats to withdraw from NATO have highlighted the urgency for European countries to decrease their reliance on US military support. However, significant challenges remain in realising security independence, write Neo Tsotetsi and Shannon Lorimer.

  • ARTICLES

    Seismic shifts: Elections drive uncertainty around political change and (in)stability | Political Violence Special Edition 2025

    With significant changes in governments across several elections in 2024, and similar shifts likely in upcoming polls in 2025, voters have signalled a desire to hold governments accountable in addressing political and economic grievances. Neo Tsotetsi discusses the implications for political and commercial stability as new governments settle into their…